Sountracks.

Now we have done a bit of filming I wanted to look into potential sound tracks we could use in our opening. While Abbie is getting changed we could play a quiet soundtrack over her getting her kit on and then the music could pick up pace as the person tries to break into her hideout. We could also have a soundtrack over the establishing shots along with the news broadcast to create a dull mood.

I found a website called http://www.audionautix.com/index.php which is very useful as it give you tons of non-copyrighted tracks that we could use in our opening. They are also split into genres so you know what song you would like. I have picked a few tracks we could potentially use in our opening, here they are!

Some of the song's that I found are mysterious and sound sad. I was specifically looking for songs that sound like this because it is a convention from the post-apocalyptic genre.

The song that we could potentially use in our opening are Alien Sunset, Deep Space and Beginning.

Genre Research - Post-apocalyptic.

The Divide.



The Divide is a post-apocalyptic/horror about a nuclear attack that sends groups of people to
flee into an under ground bunker. As the people are trapped in close proximity many start to become insane and soon each individual has to fight for survival.

Camera Shots/Angles:
The very first shot is an extreme close up of the characters eye to show the emotion of the character and the tear running down her eye. You can also see the nuclear missile in the characters eye which is a very clever angle to see the missile hit the ground. The next shot is a close up of the woman leaning against the window as the nuke is going off in the background. There is then a mid shot of the woman stood at the window which eventually zooms in to an over the shoulder shot, it then switches back to a close up of the woman. Finally there is a sequence of camera shots/angles/movement from (0:22-1:30) which switch quickly to show the panic in the individuals as they rush to the underground bunker. A range of shots are used in this period including: long shots, tracking shot, close up and POV shot. A variety of angles are also used, for example; high angle, low angle, and birds eye view. The camera also move's with the action tracking the runners as they sprint to the bunker.
Editing.
The editing is slow at the start of the opening showing the characters emotion as the missile is soaring through the air almost in slow motion (0.00-0.22). However after this the editing is very fast cutting between scenes of people fleeing to the bunker and trying to escape and cutting between camera angles and shots. The editing suits the scenes as it makes the scenes look panicked and rushed as the people would be.
Mise en Scene.
Lighting- The lighting in the opening contrasts from light to dark, firstly showing the missile glowing and the explosion heading towards her and then the low key lighting as the people are fleeing and then when they finally shut the door on the bunker. Low key lighting would be included as it is a convention of post-apocalyptic films.
Sound- Non diegetic sound is included in the opening such as slow, dull music which is a convention. There is also a lot of diegetic sound such as foot steps, the roar of the missile, screaming and doors shutting.
Costumes- the costumes in the opening are normal clothes to convey a normal day until the missile hit, however the costumes will change and get dirtier as the movie goes on showing how tough it is in the harsh conditions underground.
Setting- the setting of the movie is in a crowded building, like a work place to show a normal environment, however as they reach the bunker the setting changes to a gloomy crowded environment.
Expression- There are two main expressions in the opening which include sadness and horrified.
Setting up the enigma.
The opening does a good job of making you wonder what will happen next and making you watch on. You ask a number of questions to yourself when watching the opening such as 'where did the missile come from? and 'how will the survivors stay alive?'.

Overall the opening was well constructed and had a good story line. I would like to convey some of the panic displayed in this opening into my opening for example I could have a number of quick cut shots of the rifle and Abbie's emotions to display panic and anxiety.

Film Research - Real audiences.

In preparation for our filming we wanted to get some feedback from the public on what they thought of our film and anything they think we could improve on to make it better. We chose the most appropriate audience of 15 and over. We interviewed two 17 year old males, two 17 year old females and a 30 year old woman. We asked they a series of questions related to our opening and the genre. Here are the interviews:

Although my interviewing skills were terrible we gained a lot of knowledge to help us make a better film opening. For example we learned that the audience like post apocalyptic films because of the action and scenes that make you jump. In addition they also like post-apocalyptic films that are scary and mysterious. Furthermore the interviewees said they liked the cliff-hanger at the end and the overall plot for the opening. The interviewees gave us some things we could also add to build tension such as Abbie being followed during the opening. Overall the comments helped will help us develop our story board and help us make a better film opening.

Inspirations - POV shot from Breaking Bad.

As we want to include a range of shots in our film opening we decided to look at Breaking Bad for some inspiration as it is a very successful TV series. As we were watching the show we noticed we could include a POV shot in our film, however of an object inside something. This shot looks very good when executed well, here's some example's from Breaking Bad:



As you can see the shots look fantastic and we hope to include two of these shots in our opening, one where the camera is inside the bag and one of Abbie reaching into the camera as if she's picking up a log.

How films attract their audience.

There are many ways in which a films attract their audiences. Examples include:
Posters.

This poster is from terminator salvation and is created to attract their target audience to watch the film. Posters are simple, cheap to made and a good way to advertise the film as you can place them anywhere. However they do have disadvantages such as many people by pass the poster and they could also get vandalsised.
Trailers.

As you can see this is an example of a movie trailer. Movie trailers are used to show a massive audience usually the best clips of the movie to captivate them and make them want to see the full movie.
Internet.
Films can also be advertised on the internet, clips and images on the internet can be dislayed on a popular website to attract potential customers. The disadvantage to this is that some people would by pass the ad and would be more interesed on the other things on the web page.

Radio.
Films can also be advertised by the radio, for exmaple some marketes from the film may pay for their film to be advertised on the radio or the the radio presenter could give away free tickets or promote the film. The disadvantage of this is that their are no images so the audience wouldn't get a feel for the film.

Overall the film comapnys need to make sure they promote the film way by doing these things to attract their target audience.

How upcoming films attract their audience.

New films that are being introduced into the film industry need marketing to make people go and watch it. If films don't attract enough people to watch their film then not many people will go and watch it. Advertisement play's a massive part in a films success, if the film look's good to potential audiences they have more of a chance of going to watch it.

When I was on YouTube yesterday I came across a viral video, the video looked very interesting and had a whopping 45,000,000 views!! The video is called 'Telekinetic Coffee Shop Surprise' and is the fastest growing video of all time. The video looks like a normal You Tube clip however it is actually an advertisement for an upcoming film called 'Carrie'. The advertisers have been very clever and noticed that pranks on You Tube are very popular and get a lot of views in a short amount of time. They used this knowledge to create a prank related to the film which went viral very quickly. At the end of the video the film was promoted, this was a very clever way to get an upcoming film promoted and will make many people want to watch the film due to this clip.

Here is the video:


This is a great example of smart advertisement of a movie and how upcoming films attract their audience. Many films are promoted in the same way, by TV, radio, billboards, leaflets ect. Although these techniques do bring in people to watch the film many people get bored of them. However this film has been promoted in a very clever way and advertisers have thought out of the box to get their target audience to watch their film. This film has not stuck to the conventions of film advertisement and therefore the film will stand out from the others and potentially bring in more people to watch the film.

Ratings for post-apocalyptic films.

From the website http://www.imdb.com/list/f0vG-RUAoT8/ I have found some ratings from audiences watching post-apocalyptic films. This website is very useful as there is a lot of information about post-apocalyptic films including audiences, actors included and also info about production companies ect.

The link I have included in this post shows 200+ post-apocalyptic movies from 1927 to 2013 with an IMDB rating with a minimum of 5 starts out of 10. This tells me that post-apocalyptic films are rated very highly and obviously work well with a range of audiences. I think post-apocalyptic films work well because they are interesting in the sense that some of these events could actually happen and people to tend to wonder what would happen if these events occurred.

The list from the website includes different post-apocalyptic scenarios including nuclear warfare and fallout, zombies, extra-terrestrial attack's, virus and pandemic, environmental climate change and many more.

Overall from these statistics I have found that post-apocalyptic films are very popular and tend to work well with audiences if done well.

Research on Costumes.

Many different variations of costumes are used in post-apocalyptic films. Costumes play a big part in all films for example costumes help to set the scene in a movie and make it look more realistic and visually interesting, they also help the viewer to get a look into a characters personality and costumes are designed to make the character look how he or she acts. Costumes are suited to where the film is set and helps the scene look more authentic.

Here are some examples of costumes in post-apocalyptic films and how they vary:

Here are the costumes used for the main character in Oblivion- 

The costumes used in Oblivion are made to look futuristic because the film is set in the future after the apocalypse.

Here are the costumes used for the main characters in The Book Of Eli-

As you can see the costumes are not futuristic in any shape or form compared to Oblivion's costume designs, the costumes in this film are made to look scruffy and old because the film is set after a nuclear war. These costumes suit the film very well.

 

Overall costumes are used to suit the context of the film. After looking at costumes from post-apocalyptic films most are either futuristic, or scruffy looking, the reason for this is because most post-apocalyptic films are set in the future and are after a catastrophic events therefore the clothing will be old or futuristic.

 

I think the costumes we will be going for will be similar to The Book of Eli because they are easy to create and it looks very authentic. The futuristic costumes would probably be out of our budget and the old costumes look just as good.



                                                                                                                                 

Typical Sound Tracks/Music for my Genre.

From my research on post-apocalyptic conventions I found that there is a certain type of music used in post-apocalyptic movies. Slow and depressing tracks are usually used to create enigma and get you into the mood of the film. Because post-apocalyptic films are about disasters and death the music wouldn't be high tempo and up-beat, it is always low tempo and rather sad.

Here are some examples of the music included in some post-apocalyptic movies:
This example is from I Am Legend:

 

As you can see from this clip the music is very slow and played by a piano, this fits with the movie opening and genre, the music then fades out slowly. This music is a good example as it creates mystery and makes you feel sad and sorry for the character in the voice over as the music is playing.

 

Here is another example of track from a post-apocalyptic movie, This example is from Book Of Eli:

Quite a lot of sound is included in this clip to create mystery and tension in this opening scene, firstly there is a very quiet chime of some sort that plays at the start, the music then gets louder and includes more instrument which I think is a violin to indicate something is going to happen. As well as the music there is a sound track of whirring wind in the background which blends in with the music well and makes it sound more scary and mysterious.

Overall the music and sound tracks used in post-apocalyptic films is quiet, instrumental and sad. Sound tracks are used such as wind and birds quirking. From this research I now have a good idea of what soundtracks and music I shall use in my movie opening.

Classification categorys.

Today I am going to looking into different classification category's for my chosen genre, the reason for this is because we need to make sure our video is suited to the classification rating, if not it will not appeal to the audience and they will not watch the movie. It also may have inappropriate content for a certain age range therefore we need to make sure we get it right.

Post-apocalyptic films have many different classifications, varying between PG-13 to 18. For example Pacific Rim is rated a 12, After Earth is rated a 12A, World War Z is rated a 15 and The Divide is rated 18.  I would say the average rating for a post-apocalyptic film is a 15, because it is very rare to see a PG and 12A's do not come out that often, furthermore 15 is the most popular classification over an 18 as they are most common in horror's and physiological thrillers.

Overall I think my group should use a classification of a 15 because that is the most suited audience for our movie and we can relate to that audience because


Suitable for all

Parental guidance

Cinema release suitable for 12 years and over

Video release suitable for 12 years and over

Suitable only for 15 years and over

Suitable only for adults

Adult works for licensed premises only we are a similar age group.

Production and Distribution companies.

Production and Distribution companies make and market a film, without these companies films wouldn't exist. A film distributor is a company or individual responsible for the marketing of the film. The distributor may set the release date of the film, when it will be released and where it will be shown. A production company is responsible for the development and filming of the movie. I'm going to be looking into what production and distribution companies are associated with my genre.

To help me with this I found a web page on Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_film_production_companies which shows you a list of production and distribution companies and what films they have made.

By looking at this I can see that the companies like to stick to the same genre and audience maybe because they are good are making these particular films and like to stick to it. The genre I will be looking at is post-apocalyptic, as you can see from the chart I can pick out certain companies that like to make post-apocalyptic films, for example....

• 20th Centaury Fox made Planet of the Apes and  Independence Day.
• Universal Studios made Battleship and Oblivion
• TriStar Pictures made Terminator 2: Judgement day and District 9
• I Am Legend and Book of Eli both distributed by Warner Bros
• The Asylum produces low budget films with similar scripts to post-apocalyptic movies such as Battleship, Battle: Los Angles and I Am Legend.

After researching I have found that production and distribution companies like to stick to a specific genre or audience and many dabble into many different genres and audiences rather than sticking to just one.

Analysis of opening credits.

Today I'm going to be analysing opening credits from post-apocalyptic films. The websites I will be using to get the titles from are- http://www.artofthetitle.com/titles/ and http://www.watchthetitles.com/collections/Film, take a look!

The first opening credits sequence I will be analysing is Pacific Rim, a recent post-apocalyptic film about robots invading earth.
Pacific Rim (2013) — Art of the Title

The order of the titles are as follows:

• T1-00.02-DIRECTED BY.
• T2-00.08-SCREENPLAY BY.
• T3-00.13-STORY BY.
• T4-00.20-PRODUCED BY. (1)
• T5-00.25-PRODUCED BY. (2)
• T6-00.30-EXECUTIVE PRODUCER.
• T7-00.37-DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY
• T8-00.43-PRODUCTION DESIGNERS
• T9-00.47-EDITED BY.
• T10-00.52-MUSIC BY.
• T11-00.56-COSTUMES DESIGNED BY.
• T12-01.01-CO-PRODUCER
• T13-01.06-CASTING BY.
• T14-01.12-VISUAL EFFECTS SUPIVISOR. (1)
• T15-01.16-VISUAL EFFECTS SUPIVISOR. (2)
• T16-01.22-ANIMATION SUPIVISOR.
• T17-01.27-ACTOR (1) TO ACTOR (12)-02.02-T24.
• T25-02.06-PRODUCTION COMPANIES.
• T26-02.11-PRODUCTION COMPANIES.
• T27-02.16-PRODUCTION COMPANY.
• T28-02.22-TITLE OF THE FILM.

As you can see the titles have a specific order and a specific time they come on, this will be planned before hand for a reason. After analysing the terminator title sequence and pacific rim I have noticed some patterns that occur in the titles. For example the director always comes at the start of the titles or at the end maybe because of the importance of his role. Furthermore the titles always come close to each other minimum 4 seconds apart and maximum 7 seconds apart. Finally the titles are always in organised form and are grouped together when they come on. I have gained a lot of information from analysing these titles and will use this when creating my title sequence for my final video.

Researching Film openings/scenes - Mise en Scene.

Today I am going to be analysing how Mise en Scene is used in my chosen genre (post-apocalyptic). Mise en Scene refers to everything that goes into the composition of the shot including:

• Lighting
• Sound
• Costumes
• Editing
• Props
• Camera Shots/Angles
• Set Design
• Cinematography   
• Locations

Basically everything included in the scene...

Today I am going to be analysing a short clip from Battle los angles on how Mise en Scene is used for effect on the viewer. Battle Los Angles is a post apocalyptic film about a squadron of U.S marines who become the last line of defence against a global invasion. Here is my Prezi informing you on how Mise en Scene is used in this film opening, hope you enjoy!

Researching Film openings/scenes - Special Effects.

Today I am going to be analysing special effects in post-apocalyptic movies. Special effects are visual or sound effects that are introduced into a motion picture. Special effects or (SFX) are used in the film and entertainment industry to create effects that cannot be achieved my normal means, such as travel to other star systems. They are also used when creating the effect by normal means is prohibitively expensive, such as an enormous explosion. Special effects are used frequently in post-apocalyptic movie's to make them realistic and visually interesting.

Today I'm going to be analysing a scene from War of the worlds. War of the worlds is a film out an alien invasion and what takes place during and after the attacks :

             
    This film uses special effects all the way through the movie. Special effects are a key part to play in this movie as you will see by the use of them in this scene.

Straight away the scene uses special effects as you can see from (0.00-0.10). Firstly you can see there is a giant robot alien in the scene, special effects are blaintintly being used here to create the visual effect that the robot is real. Along with this there is a sound effect being used when there is a long shot of the robot, sound effects are used to make the scene more realistic, the sound effect used in this clip is a loud mechanical trumpeting this is used to make the viewer know the robot is going to act and that something bad is going to happen. From 0.10-0.40 there is also another sound effect being used, this sound is to the viewers eyes coming from the robot and is a whirring sound, as the seconds go on the whirring intensifies giving the viewer an indication that the robot is doing something and is about to attack. Furthermore after the whirring sound occurs there it is then followed by a zapping sound. In this scene the zapping sound is accompanied by another special effect, this time it is a beam of light interpreted by the viewer as a laser.  As the laser hits the people they disappear into a cloud of ashes this is another special effect that is being used. In addition to this there are many special effects used from (1.00-2.10) for example sound effects such as explosions, smashing glass sounds, screeching and the sound again mechanical sounds coming from the robot. There is also special effects such as fire, props being destroyed and again the robot patrolling the streets.

Overall this scene is jam packed full of special effects. Special effects are key aspects in many films making the scene more realistic and visually interesting along with the sound effects to accompany the visual effects. Special effects are one of the many conventions of post-apocalyptic films. The special effects in this scene are used very effectively in creating an immerse experience for the viewer.                                                                                                                                                                           

Researching Film openings/scenes - Shot types/Distances.

Today I am going to be analysing Shot types and Distances. I have chosen a scene from Battleship another post-apocalyptic film about an alien invasion. Here is the scene:


There are various Shot types and distances in this scene for exmaple the shots used are:
- close up
- long shot
- over the shoulder shot
- low angle
- high angle
- establisghing shot
- medium shot
- POV

Becuase the scene is at sea the distance of the shots are far away. Most of the shots are from a far distance as the props are massive. The scene also uses long distance shots so you can see the scale of the attack. Usually post-apocalyptic films uses long distance shots because of the massive props and special effect used in the movies such as UFO's and nuclear bomb explosions.

Researching Film openings/scenes - Edititng.

Today I am going to be analysing editing used in post-apocalyptic movies. Editing is how scenes are cut and fitted together. I have picked a scene from the post-apocalyptic movie World War Z. Here is the scene I will be analysing:


The Scene lasts for 1:33 and shows lots of different camera shots and editing. The editing used in the scene is very fast paced with quick cuts between each shot, this is used for effect on the viewer. For example quick editing makes the scene look more exhilarating and fits to the action. Because this is a zombie outbreak is makes the scene look panicked as the shots are so quick one after the other. A variety of camera angles are also used in the scene, for example from 0.00 to 15.00 there is a long shot, to a close up, to a tracking shot from a high angle, to a zooming shot. Lots of camera angles and movement are used in quick succession to make it look more action packed. The editing is fast for a specific reason.

Furthermore there is a lot of movement from the camera, this is a convention of post-apocalyptic movies, camera movement is used in this scene to track the running people and the vicious attacks in the scene.

Overall the editing in this scene is very choppy and fast paced, we may used some fast editing in the opening however not a lot because the opening needs to build the mystery to the film and create tension therefore we don't want it to fast.

Analysing title sequences.

Today I analysed a title sequence from 'the terminator'. I wanted to analyse a title sequence from a post-apocalyptic film to help me with my title sequence for my film. I found the title sequence on this website - http://www.artofthetitle.com/title/the-terminator/ This website comes in handy as it shows you a range of different title sequence's to fit my chosen genre, which is great because it gives me lots of ideas that I can use in my title sequence for my movie opening.

The things I am looking for are the order of the title's, the time between each title appearance, the speed in which the title comes up, the font of the titles, how big the font is, the editing, the camera shots used in showing the titles, and the music used.

I have made a timeline of the title sequence to help me break down how it works and what title comes where, here it is!

I have made the timeline to look like a heartbeat sensor to suit my genre of post-apocalyptic and in fact terminator the film. From doing this I have gained more knowledge on how title sequences work and I now have a good idea on how to create one for my film.

Researching Film openings/scenes - Lighting.

Today I am going to be researching into lighting according to my chosen genre which is post-apocalyptic.
The Film I have chosen to analyse is The Road. I have found a website to help me analyse every separate shot, the website is very useful as it is a blog that shows you every single scene in the movie, here is the link! - http://evanerichards.com/2012/2571

The opening three shots of the film have high key lighting, the man is standing outside and it is a very bright summers day, however in this scene the character is obviously dreaming because as I have found out in my research the conventions of a post-apocalyptic movies are low key lighting and straight away after the first scene there is a transition to dark lighting. For example the start goes from light to dark very quickly:

 shot 3 to shot 4 transition...



      After this the opening has very dark lighting which suits the genre of the film. .Low key lighting is used to create tension and enigma throughout the film. Post-apocalyptic films have dark imagery and therefore needs dark lighting to suit it. For example these are the fifth and sixth shots in the film...

             shot 5 and shot 6

 Overall the lighting in this film is dark and gloomy also like many of the other post-apocalyptic films I have analysed. From lighting research I have found that low key lighting is common and the transition from light to dark therefore I will include this in my film.

Conventions of Post-Apocalyptic film openings.

After researching and finding four different film openings to suit my genre of post apocalyptic I have found many similarities. When I finally analysed all four of the film openings I found a lot of information and ideas to add to my opening and a lot of conventions.

The films I analysed included:
-I Am Legend
-Children of Men
-The Book of Eli
-The Day After Tomorrow

All four of these films are a perfect example of good post-apocalyptic opening scene. The conventions included in the opening were...

• Slow, depressing or Sad music. All four of the openings had some sort of track or music that was very sad and made you feel emotional. The music used suits the genre very well and that is why it is a sterotype in post-apocalyptic films.
• Slow editing-All of the opening I watched have very slow editing at the start of the film to build tension, howver there was also was fast editing towards the endings especcially in The day after tomorrow alothough this was a trailer so doesent reflect what I am trying to acomplish very well whicgh is to create of film opening.
• Voice overs- Three of the movie openings I watched included either a news broadcast or a voice over from the main character or something relating to the apocalypse.
• Similar shots and camera angles- post-apocalyptic films often share the same shots in the opening some angles include, high angle and low angles. Similar shots include longs shots and close ups. Finally some of the similar movement include, tracking and panning.

There are many stereotypes and conventions of the post- apocalyptic drama and I have found many in the openings I have analysed.

Genre Research - Post apocalyptic.

  
I Am Legend.
I Am Legend is a post-apocalyptic film about a man and his dog being the last mamals on earth to their own knowledge. The apocalypse started when doctors made a cure for cancer, however this cure went very worng and cause humans to turn into mutant zombies who thrive of the darkness. This is the story of how they survive and potentially find a cure for the outbreak...

Camera angles and movement.
The film starts with a long shot of a New york city street showing the viewer that on a normal day the streets would be packed however becuase of the apocalypse the streets are empty creating mystery. There are then many other long shots and establishing shots of the city one after the other showing the viewer the scale of the apocalypse and how it has affected life as we know it.The angles included in the opening varie to make it interesting for the viewer to see the city in different ways instead of the same shot over and over again. The angles included are high angle, low angle, long shot, establishing shot, medium shot and close up at the end showing the manakin in the shop. After (1.05) the credits scene the movie then kicks in with a moving birds eye view of the city following the moving car as it goes along the quiet streets. The camera then goes into the car at (1.23) with a close up of the main character and his dog switching between the two showing the relationship between them is strong. There is then a POV shot as if you were driving the car followed by a low angle shot of the car drifting round the corner of the empty street.

Editing.
The editing at the start of the opening is very slow transitioning bewteen each shot of the vacant city (0.30-1.00). followed by this there is the title of the mivie is bold letters. After this stage the editing is still fairly slow, however picks up the pace as it switches between the two characters and the car itself. Overall this film uses editing effectivly to show the emotion of the characters at the state of the city.

Mise en Scene.
Mise en Scene is used very effectivly in this opening for effect on the viewer here is the key ascpects in Mise en Scene and how the work togehter to create the perfect scene.
Sound- Many different sounds are included in this opening, for exmaple there is a range of diajectic sound and non-diajectic sound. At the start of the opening there is a voice over with a doctor specking about how many people are now cured from cancer (0.03-0.19). A thumping sound is then used directly after as the quote appears on the screen to show it is  important and make it dramatic. Sad, slow music is then played and over this is a vioce over. This gives the speakers voice a more dramatic tone and make it more emotional (0.30-1.00). After this the same thumping sound is used at the start for the same effect as the first one as the title of the film shows. There is then purely non-diagetic sound until the end of the opening for the viewer to hear the engine of the car and the birds tweeting to show how quiet the streets of New york city are compared to how they are normally.
Props- There are many props used in this opening to make is visually more interesting and realistic but to also get  to know the characters and get an image of what the film may be about. Props included in the opening are a car, a gun and a manakin, all these props have a meaning and are clues to what will happen as the film progresses. For exmaple the manakin represents lonliness throughout the film.
Setting- The film opening is set in New york city mainly run down parts to show there has been an apocalypse. The setting in this opening is key to the viewer as it sets the scene for the rest of the movie tomorrow, the setting in the opening is mysterious and very quiet to make the viewer wonder what has happened.
Costumes- Their is only one costume at the start of the film and that is of the main character wearing his leather jacket maybe to show how tough he is mentally and physically.
Lighting- Lighting in this film opening contrast form light to darkness, this gives a hint to the film as the zombies only come out in the dark therfore the light shows hope that it can be cured. At the start of the opening you cant see anything apart from the titles however towards the end you can see natural light from the sun.
Expression-  There are no expressions in the opening maybe to create mystery for the viewer.

Setting up the narrative and enigma- This opening does a fansatic job of creating mystery, the film is quite all the way through apart from the voice overs and the nartural sounds of the wind birds and ofcourse the engine of the car. This is done purposly to craete tension and mystery, it makes the viewer wonder why it is so quiet.

Overall this film opening is a brilliant exaple of a post-apocalyptic film, it creates tension and mystery with the sound and camera work used along with the graphics and titles.